wagtail-2 - 第一个网站

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修改后台编辑窗口

初始后台管理页面中，页面内容仅包括标题项，可通过以下方式添加其他元素。

新增正文编辑框，可编辑 home/models.py :

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from django.db import models

from wagtail.core.models import Page
from wagtail.core.fields import RichTextField
from wagtail.admin.edit_handlers import FieldPanel


class HomePage(Page):
    body = RichTextField(blank=True)

    content_panels = Page.content_panels + [
        FieldPanel('body', classname="full"),
    ]

其中，body为一个富文本窗口（特殊wagtail元素），content_panels定义页面容器。

然后运行

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

更新数据库。

每次修改代码之后，都需要运行上述代码，以确保功能更新。

现在，通过后台管理页面->Homepage->Edit，即可看到新的body页面，编辑正文内容，然后发布此页面。

修改前台展示

页面发布之后，返回前台首页，发现仅网页标题改了，其他一切未变，这是因为首页的渲染模板是未变。

编辑 home/templates/home/home_page.html ，使其仅包含以下内容

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{% extends "base.html" %}

{% load wagtailcore_tags %}

{% block body_class %}template-homepage{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    {{ page.body|richtext }}
{% endblock %}

再次刷新首页，即可看到已显示编辑内容，但界面好丑….

Wagtail提供很多模板标签，可通过在模板文件头部添加 load wagtailcore_tags 显式引入模板标签。

本文中，使用富文本框来编辑和输出正文内容:

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{% load wagtailcore_tags %}
{{ page.body|richtext }}

最终在前台页面，会将其渲染为:

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<div class="rich-text">
    <p>
        <b>Welcome</b> to our new site!
    </p>
</div>

注: 需要在每一个模板文件中包含 load wagtailcore_tags 来使用Wagtail标签，否则Django将抛出错误TemplateSyntaxError。

简单博客网站

在wagtail项目根目录下，通过以下代码，在已有wagtail网站中添加一个blog应用：

python manage.py startapp blog

编辑 mysite/settings/base.py ，在 INSTALLED_APPS 添加 blog

博客首页

通过编辑blog/models.py，定义一个简单的博客首页:

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from wagtail.core.models import Page
from wagtail.core.fields import RichTextField
from wagtail.admin.edit_handlers import FieldPanel


class BlogIndexPage(Page):
    intro = RichTextField(blank=True)

    content_panels = Page.content_panels + [
        FieldPanel('intro', classname="full")
    ]

运行以下代码，确保更新

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

模板文件名为BlogIndexPage，默认的模板文件位于根目录下/mysite/templates/blog/blog_index_page.html。创建此文件，并包含以下内容：

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{% extends "base.html" %}

{% load wagtailcore_tags %}

{% block body_class %}template-blogindexpage{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>{{ page.title }}</h1>

    <div class="intro">{{ page.intro|richtext }}</div>

    {% for post in page.get_children %}
        <h2><a href="{% pageurl post %}">{{ post.title }}</a></h2>
        {{ post.specific.intro }}
        {{ post.specific.body|richtext }}
    {% endfor %}

{% endblock %}

在wagtail后台管理界面，创建BlogIndexPage作为Homepage的子页面，确保Promote页签中slug为blog并发布。

现在，可以通过 http://localhost:8000/blog/ 访问你的blog网站。

发布文章页面

编辑 blog/models.py:

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from django.db import models

from wagtail.core.models import Page
from wagtail.core.fields import RichTextField
from wagtail.admin.edit_handlers import FieldPanel
from wagtail.search import index


# Keep the definition of BlogIndexPage, and add:


class BlogPage(Page):
    date = models.DateField("Post date")
    intro = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    body = RichTextField(blank=True)

    search_fields = Page.search_fields + [
        index.SearchField('intro'),
        index.SearchField('body'),
    ]

    content_panels = Page.content_panels + [
        FieldPanel('date'),
        FieldPanel('intro'),
        FieldPanel('body', classname="full"),
    ]

运行以下代码，确保更新

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

创建模板文件 mysite/templates/blog/blog_page.html:

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{% extends "base.html" %}

{% load wagtailcore_tags %}

{% block body_class %}template-blogpage{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>{{ page.title }}</h1>
    <p class="meta">{{ page.date }}</p>

    <div class="intro">{{ page.intro }}</div>

    {{ page.body|richtext }}

    <p><a href="{{ page.get_parent.url }}">Return to blog</a></p>

{% endblock %}

可以发布几个博客内容页面，作为博客首页（BlogIndexPage）的子页面，确保创建时选择“Blog Page”类型。

一个较为简陋的博客系统初步搞定。

排序和发布

但是，现在博客首页现在还有一些问题：

  • 文章按照时间顺序显示，先发布先显示
  • 文章无论是否发布，都显示

变更首页文章排序方式，可通过修改blog/models.py，重写BlogIndexPage的get_context()：

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class BlogIndexPage(Page):
    intro = RichTextField(blank=True)

    def get_context(self, request):
        # Update context to include only published posts, ordered by reverse-chron
        context = super().get_context(request)
        blogpages = self.get_children().live().order_by('-first_published_at')
        context['blogpages'] = blogpages
        return context

修改模板blog_index_page.html，将 ‘for post in page.get_children’ 修改为 ‘for post in blogpages’

现在，试着将一片文章取消发布，即可发现它不再显示在博客首页了。同时，显示顺序也变更为时间倒序。

图片支持

尽管通过富文本框新增图片很容易，但仍然建议将图片作为一个新元素存入数据库，这样的话此图片可独立于当前文章，用在网站任何地方。

在blog/models.py新增BlogPageGalleryImage：

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from django.db import models

# New imports added for ParentalKey, Orderable, InlinePanel, ImageChooserPanel

from modelcluster.fields import ParentalKey

from wagtail.core.models import Page, Orderable
from wagtail.core.fields import RichTextField
from wagtail.admin.edit_handlers import FieldPanel, InlinePanel
from wagtail.images.edit_handlers import ImageChooserPanel
from wagtail.search import index

# ... (Keep the definition of BlogIndexPage, and update BlogPage:)

class BlogPage(Page):
    date = models.DateField("Post date")
    intro = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    body = RichTextField(blank=True)

    search_fields = Page.search_fields + [
        index.SearchField('intro'),
        index.SearchField('body'),
    ]

    content_panels = Page.content_panels + [
        FieldPanel('date'),
        FieldPanel('intro'),
        FieldPanel('body', classname="full"),
        InlinePanel('gallery_images', label="Gallery images"),
    ]


class BlogPageGalleryImage(Orderable):
    page = ParentalKey(BlogPage, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='gallery_images')
    image = models.ForeignKey(
        'wagtailimages.Image', on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='+'
    )
    caption = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=250)

    panels = [
        ImageChooserPanel('image'),
        FieldPanel('caption'),
    ]

运行以下代码，确保更新

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

通过以上步骤，在新增博客文章页面BlogPage增加了一个图片选项。

修正mysite/templates/blog/blog_page.html，使文章显示页面能够显示图片：

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{% extends "base.html" %}

{% load wagtailcore_tags wagtailimages_tags %}

{% block body_class %}template-blogpage{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>{{ page.title }}</h1>
    <p class="meta">{{ page.date }}</p>

    <div class="intro">{{ page.intro }}</div>

    {{ page.body|richtext }}

    {% for item in page.gallery_images.all %}
        <div style="float: left; margin: 10px">
            {% image item.image fill-320x240 %}
            <p>{{ item.caption }}</p>
        </div>
    {% endfor %}

    <p><a href="{{ page.get_parent.url }}">Return to blog</a></p>

{% endblock %}

通过在blog/models.py的BlogPage中定义main_image，返回文章中首个图片:

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class BlogPage(Page):
    date = models.DateField("Post date")
    intro = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    body = RichTextField(blank=True)

    def main_image(self):
        gallery_item = self.gallery_images.first()
        if gallery_item:
            return gallery_item.image
        else:
            return None

    search_fields = Page.search_fields + [
        index.SearchField('intro'),
        index.SearchField('body'),
    ]

    content_panels = Page.content_panels + [
        FieldPanel('date'),
        FieldPanel('intro'),
        FieldPanel('body', classname="full"),
        InlinePanel('gallery_images', label="Gallery images"),
    ]

更新 blog_index_page.html ，使博客首页包含图片（首张）的显示：

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{% load wagtailcore_tags wagtailimages_tags %}

...

{% for post in blogpages %}
    {% with post=post.specific %}
        <h2><a href="{% pageurl post %}">{{ post.title }}</a></h2>

        {% with post.main_image as main_image %}
            {% if main_image %}{% image main_image fill-160x100 %}{% endif %}
        {% endwith %}

        <p>{{ post.intro }}</p>
        {{ post.body|richtext }}
    {% endwith %}
{% endfor %}

标签&分类待后整理

添加标签

首先，修改 blog/models.py：

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from django.db import models

# New imports added for ClusterTaggableManager, TaggedItemBase, MultiFieldPanel

from modelcluster.fields import ParentalKey
from modelcluster.contrib.taggit import ClusterTaggableManager
from taggit.models import TaggedItemBase

from wagtail.core.models import Page, Orderable
from wagtail.core.fields import RichTextField
from wagtail.admin.edit_handlers import FieldPanel, InlinePanel, MultiFieldPanel
from wagtail.images.edit_handlers import ImageChooserPanel
from wagtail.search import index


# ... (Keep the definition of BlogIndexPage)


class BlogPageTag(TaggedItemBase):
    content_object = ParentalKey(
        'BlogPage',
        related_name='tagged_items',
        on_delete=models.CASCADE
    )


class BlogPage(Page):
    date = models.DateField("Post date")
    intro = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    body = RichTextField(blank=True)
    tags = ClusterTaggableManager(through=BlogPageTag, blank=True)

    # ... (Keep the main_image method and search_fields definition)

    content_panels = Page.content_panels + [
        MultiFieldPanel([
            FieldPanel('date'),
            FieldPanel('tags'),
        ], heading="Blog information"),
        FieldPanel('intro'),
        FieldPanel('body'),
        InlinePanel('gallery_images', label="Gallery images"),
    ]

运行以下代码，确保更新

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

Note the new modelcluster and taggit imports, the addition of a new BlogPageTag model, and the addition of a tags field on BlogPage. We’ve also taken the opportunity to use a MultiFieldPanel in content_panels to group the date and tags fields together for readability.

Edit one of your BlogPage instances, and you should now be able to tag posts:

Tagging a post
To render tags on a BlogPage, add this to blog_page.html:

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{% if page.tags.all.count %}
    <div class="tags">
        <h3>Tags</h3>
        {% for tag in page.tags.all %}
            <a href="{% slugurl 'tags' %}?tag={{ tag }}"><button type="button">{{ tag }}</button></a>
        {% endfor %}
    </div>
{% endif %}

Notice that we’re linking to pages here with the builtin slugurl tag rather than pageurl, which we used earlier. The difference is that slugurl takes a Page slug (from the Promote tab) as an argument. pageurl is more commonly used because it is unambiguous and avoids extra database lookups. But in the case of this loop, the Page object isn’t readily available, so we fall back on the less-preferred slugurl tag.

Visiting a blog post with tags should now show a set of linked buttons at the bottom - one for each tag. However, clicking a button will get you a 404, since we haven’t yet defined a “tags” view. Add to models.py:

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class BlogTagIndexPage(Page):

    def get_context(self, request):

        # Filter by tag
        tag = request.GET.get('tag')
        blogpages = BlogPage.objects.filter(tags__name=tag)

        # Update template context
        context = super().get_context(request)
        context['blogpages'] = blogpages
        return context

Note that this Page-based model defines no fields of its own. Even without fields, subclassing Page makes it a part of the Wagtail ecosystem, so that you can give it a title and URL in the admin, and so that you can manipulate its contents by returning a QuerySet from its get_context() method.

Migrate this in, then create a new BlogTagIndexPage in the admin. You’ll probably want to create the new page/view as a child of Homepage, parallel to your Blog index. Give it the slug “tags” on the Promote tab.

Access /tags and Django will tell you what you probably already knew: you need to create a template blog/blog_tag_index_page.html:

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{% extends "base.html" %}
{% load wagtailcore_tags %}

{% block content %}

    {% if request.GET.tag|length %}
        <h4>Showing pages tagged "{{ request.GET.tag }}"</h4>
    {% endif %}

    {% for blogpage in blogpages %}

        <p>
            <strong><a href="{% pageurl blogpage %}">{{ blogpage.title }}</a></strong><br />
            <small>Revised: {{ blogpage.latest_revision_created_at }}</small><br />
            {% if blogpage.author %}
                <p>By {{ blogpage.author.profile }}</p>
            {% endif %}
        </p>

    {% empty %}
        No pages found with that tag.
    {% endfor %}

{% endblock %}

We’re calling the built-in latest_revision_created_at field on the Page model - handy to know this is always available.

We haven’t yet added an “author” field to our BlogPage model, nor do we have a Profile model for authors - we’ll leave those as an exercise for the reader.

Clicking the tag button at the bottom of a BlogPost should now render a page something like this:

A simple tag view

添加分类

Let’s add a category system to our blog. Unlike tags, where a page author can bring a tag into existence simply by using it on a page, our categories will be a fixed list, managed by the site owner through a separate area of the admin interface.

First, we define a BlogCategory model. A category is not a page in its own right, and so we define it as a standard Django models.Model rather than inheriting from Page. Wagtail introduces the concept of “snippets” for reusable pieces of content that need to be managed through the admin interface, but do not exist as part of the page tree themselves; a model can be registered as a snippet by adding the @register_snippet decorator. All the field types we’ve used so far on pages can be used on snippets too - here we’ll give each category an icon image as well as a name. Add to blog/models.py:

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from wagtail.snippets.models import register_snippet


@register_snippet
class BlogCategory(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    icon = models.ForeignKey(
        'wagtailimages.Image', null=True, blank=True,
        on_delete=models.SET_NULL, related_name='+'
    )

    panels = [
        FieldPanel('name'),
        ImageChooserPanel('icon'),
    ]

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = 'blog categories'

Note

Note that we are using panels rather than content_panels here - since snippets generally have no need for fields such as slug or publish date, the editing interface for them is not split into separate ‘content’ / ‘promote’ / ‘settings’ tabs as standard, and so there is no need to distinguish between ‘content panels’ and ‘promote panels’.

Migrate this change in, and create a few categories through the Snippets area which now appears in the admin menu.

We can now add categories to the BlogPage model, as a many-to-many field. The field type we use for this is ParentalManyToManyField - this is a variant of the standard Django ManyToManyField which ensures that the chosen objects are correctly stored against the page record in the revision history, in much the same way that ParentalKey replaces ForeignKey for one-to-many relations.

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# New imports added for forms and ParentalManyToManyField
from django import forms
from django.db import models

from modelcluster.fields import ParentalKey, ParentalManyToManyField
from modelcluster.contrib.taggit import ClusterTaggableManager
from taggit.models import TaggedItemBase

# ...

class BlogPage(Page):
    date = models.DateField("Post date")
    intro = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    body = RichTextField(blank=True)
    tags = ClusterTaggableManager(through=BlogPageTag, blank=True)
    categories = ParentalManyToManyField('blog.BlogCategory', blank=True)

    # ... (Keep the main_image method and search_fields definition)

    content_panels = Page.content_panels + [
        MultiFieldPanel([
            FieldPanel('date'),
            FieldPanel('tags'),
            FieldPanel('categories', widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple),
        ], heading="Blog information"),
        FieldPanel('intro'),
        FieldPanel('body'),
        InlinePanel('gallery_images', label="Gallery images"),
    ]

Here we’re making use of the widget keyword argument on the FieldPanel definition to specify a checkbox-based widget instead of the default multiple select box, as this is often considered more user-friendly.

Finally, we can update the blog_page.html template to display the categories:

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<h1>{{ page.title }}</h1>
<p class="meta">{{ page.date }}</p>

{% with categories=page.categories.all %}
    {% if categories %}
        <h3>Posted in:</h3>
        <ul>
            {% for category in categories %}
                <li style="display: inline">
                    {% image category.icon fill-32x32 style="vertical-align: middle" %}
                    {{ category.name }}
                </li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
    {% endif %}
{% endwith %}